前言：如您遇到投訴專利侵權(quán)投訴，而您認(rèn)為自己的商品并不構(gòu)成侵權(quán)時(shí)，您需要如何申訴呢？本篇將帶您了解：
Introduction: If you receive a patent infringement complaint and you believe that your product does not infringe any patent, how should you appeal? This article will show you:
1）專利類型及基本含義
1) Types and definition of patents
2）專利侵權(quán)將受到什么處罰
2) Punishments for patent infringement
3）如何檢索投訴方專利
3) How to search for the complainant's patent
4）被控專利侵權(quán)如何申訴
4) How to appeal against alleged patent infringement
一、專利的類型與基本概念（此處以平臺(tái)常見的中、美、歐相關(guān)規(guī)定為例，但不同國(guó)家或地區(qū)可能存在不同專利類型）
I. Types and definition of patents (We take China, the United States, and Europe as examples here, but the classification of patents may vary across different countries/regions.)
《中華人民共和國(guó)專利法》第二條： 本法所稱的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是指發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。
發(fā)明，是指對(duì)產(chǎn)品、方法或者其改進(jìn)所提出的新的技術(shù)方案。
實(shí)用新型，是指對(duì)產(chǎn)品的形狀、構(gòu)造或者其結(jié)合所提出的適于實(shí)用的新的技術(shù)方案。
外觀設(shè)計(jì)，是指對(duì)產(chǎn)品的形狀、圖案或者其結(jié)合以及色彩與形狀、圖案的結(jié)合所作出的富有美感并適于工業(yè)應(yīng)用的新設(shè)計(jì)。
《中華人民共和國(guó)專利法》第六十四條 發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍以其權(quán)利要求的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)，說明書及附圖可以用于解釋權(quán)利要求的內(nèi)容。
外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍以表示在圖片或者照片中的該產(chǎn)品的外觀設(shè)計(jì)為準(zhǔn)，簡(jiǎn)要說明可以用于解釋圖片或者照片所表示的該產(chǎn)品的外觀設(shè)計(jì)。
Article 2 of the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China:
For the purposes of this Law, invention-creations mean inventions, utility models, and designs.
Inventions mean new technical solutions proposed for a product, a process, or the improvement thereof.
Utility models mean new technical solutions proposed for the shape and structure of a product, or the combination thereof, which are fit for practical use.
Designs mean, with respect to a product, new designs of the shape, pattern, or the combination thereof, or the combination of the color with shape and pattern, which are rich in an aesthetic appeal and are fit for industrial application.
Article 64 of the Patent Law of the People Republic of China:
The scope of protection of patent rights for an invention or a utility model shall be based on the contents of the claims; the specification and drawings may be used to explain the contents of the claims. The scope of protection of patent rights for a design shall be based on the design of the products illustrated in the pictures or photographs; the brief explanation of the design may be used to explain the design of the products illustrated in the pictures or photographs.
歐盟：平臺(tái)常見的歐洲專利包括歐洲外觀設(shè)計(jì)（Design）與專利權(quán)（Patent）
其中，歐洲發(fā)明專利的授權(quán)主要依據(jù)《歐洲專利公約》，上述規(guī)則授予歐洲專利在各締約國(guó)中與其本國(guó)專利相同的效力并受到同樣的約束；歐盟外觀設(shè)計(jì)，常見的包括注冊(cè)式歐盟外觀設(shè)計(jì)或共同體外觀設(shè)計(jì)，保護(hù)范圍以外觀形態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)為主。當(dāng)然，權(quán)利人還可以根據(jù)歐盟成員國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)法律申請(qǐng)專利，授權(quán)后僅在該國(guó)境內(nèi)受到保護(hù)。
Europe: Commonly-seen European IPR rights include designs and patents. European patents are granted for inventions in accordance with the European Patent Convention. Once granted, a European patent has the same effect and is subject to the same conditions as a national patent in the designated contracting states. Common European designs include registered community designs and non-registered community design. The scope of the protection shall be confined to the designs. The right owners can also apply for a patent under the national law of an EU member state. Once granted, the patent is only protected in such member state.
美國(guó)：美國(guó)專利主要包括
（1）發(fā)明專利（Utility Patent），或稱實(shí)用專利，在美國(guó)專利法中規(guī)定，實(shí)用專利是任何新且有用的方法，機(jī)器、制造或物質(zhì)的組成，或者是上述任何新且有用的改進(jìn)。美國(guó)發(fā)明專利的審查及授權(quán)要求一般較為嚴(yán)格
（2）外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利（Design patent），是指針對(duì)具有一定新穎性及美學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的外觀進(jìn)行保護(hù)，包括布局外觀設(shè)計(jì)等。除此以外，美國(guó)法下還包括植物品種專利（Plant Patent）等，此處不再贅述。
United States: In the United States, the main categories of patents are:
(1) utility patents, which are patents that cover any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof (There are strict statutory requirements in the United States for granting a patent for an invention);
(2) design patents that protect the novel and aesthetic or ornamental designs of a functional item, including layout designs. The United States also grants plant patents under the patent law.
解析：專利權(quán)一般包括發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型與外觀設(shè)計(jì)（部分國(guó)家不涉及實(shí)用新型），其中，發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍一般以其權(quán)利要求的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)，被訴侵權(quán)商品包含與權(quán)利要求記載的全部技術(shù)特征相同或者等同的技術(shù)特征的，可能落入專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍。外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍一般以表示在圖片或者照片中的該產(chǎn)品的外觀設(shè)計(jì)為準(zhǔn)，在與外觀設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品相同或者相近種類產(chǎn)品上，商品與外觀設(shè)計(jì)相同或者相近似外觀設(shè)計(jì)的，被訴侵權(quán)外觀設(shè)計(jì)可能落入外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利的保護(hù)范圍（來源《北京市高級(jí)人民法院（專利侵權(quán)判定指南）》、《中華人民共和國(guó)專利法》、《美國(guó)統(tǒng)一專利法》、《歐洲專利公約》等）。
Explanation: Common types of patents include invention, utility model, and design patents (some countries do not have utility models). The scope of protection of a patent for an invention or a utility model shall be confined to what is claimed. The alleged product may fall within the scope of protection of a patent if it contains technical features identical or equivalent to those described in the claim of the patent. The scope of protection of a design patent shall be confined to the design of the product as shown in the drawings or pictures. Where a design identical or similar to the patented design is incorporated in the product of the same or similar category of the product incorporating the patented design, the alleged design shall be deemed to have fallen within the protection scope of the design patent.
二、專利侵權(quán)將受到什么處罰
II. Punishments for patent infringement
您需要注意的是，平臺(tái)禁止侵犯他人知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的行為，如果您的商品被投訴方投訴侵犯其專利權(quán)；
Alibaba.com 跨境交易平臺(tái)商家，煩請(qǐng)查詢：
https://rule.alibaba.com/rule/detail/11000392.htm（阿里巴巴國(guó)際站知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)則）
阿里全球速賣通商家，煩請(qǐng)查詢（全球速賣通知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)專區(qū)）：
https://sell.aliexpress.com/zh/__pc/ipr_rules.htm
Please note that intellectual property right violations are prohibited on the platform. Where someone complains that your product has infringed their patent right:
If you are a seller on Alibaba.com, refer to Intellectual Property Rules of Alibaba.com:
https://rule.alibaba.com/rule/detail/11000393.htm?spm=a271m.8038972.0.0.1de86d82myvghT
If you are a seller on AliExpress.com, refer to AliExpress Intellectual Property page:
https://sell.aliexpress.com/zh/__pc/77Y4QdcvjD.htm?spm=5261.ams_88533.0.0.19fbGAEsGAEsPy
1） 嚴(yán)重侵權(quán)：取決于個(gè)案的嚴(yán)重情況，處罰和扣分將會(huì)累積，嚴(yán)重情況下可能導(dǎo)致店鋪關(guān)閉。
2）不當(dāng)使用：未經(jīng)權(quán)利人許可，擅自發(fā)布、銷售包含他人專利（包含外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利、實(shí)用新型專利或發(fā)明專利等）的產(chǎn)品，以及其他未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可，不當(dāng)使用他人專利的行為。
平臺(tái)有權(quán)對(duì)用戶產(chǎn)品違規(guī)及侵權(quán)行為及用戶店鋪采取處罰，包括但不限于 (i)退回或刪除商品/信息； （ii）限制商品發(fā)布； （iii）暫時(shí)凍結(jié)賬戶; 及 (iv) 關(guān)閉賬號(hào)。對(duì)于關(guān)閉賬號(hào)的用戶，平臺(tái)有權(quán)采取措施防止用戶再次在平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行登記；
注意，如果您認(rèn)為商品不侵權(quán)，希望進(jìn)行申訴：
Alibaba.com 平臺(tái)，直接點(diǎn)此進(jìn)入申訴通道：https://appeal.alibaba.com/complaint/seller/appeal.htm
全球速賣通平臺(tái)，直接點(diǎn)此進(jìn)入申訴通道：https://appeal.aliexpress.com/complaint/seller/appeal.htm
1. Serious violations: The punishments depend on the severity of violations. Punishments and penalty points are accumulative. Serious violations may lead to the closure of stores.
2. Patent infringement: Unauthorized listings and sales of products that infringe others' patents (including design, utility model, or invention patents), and other improper use of others' patents without permission.
In case of any product violation and infringing act, the platform has the right to impose punishments, including but not limited to:
(1). deleting products/information;
(2). restricting the listings of products;
(3). temporarily freezing the account;
and
(4). closing the account. For sellers whose accounts are closed, the platform has the right to prevent them from signing up again.
If you believe your product does not infringe any patent and want to appeal:
On Alibaba.com, please raise the appeal at
https://appeal.alibaba.com/complaint/seller/appeal.htm
On Aliexpress.com, please raise the appeal at
https://appeal.aliexpress.com/complaint/seller/appeal.htm
三、如何檢索投訴方專利
III. How to search for the complainant's patent
1）您可以通過如下方式或途徑對(duì)投訴方專利進(jìn)行檢索
中國(guó)專利：http://cpquery.cnipa.gov.cn/(中國(guó)及多國(guó)專利審查信息查詢系統(tǒng)）
美國(guó)專利:http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html（美國(guó)專利商標(biāo)主管機(jī)關(guān)）
歐盟專利:https://euipo.europa.eu/eSearch/（外觀設(shè)計(jì)-Design）
https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents.html（專利-Patent）
2）部分案件您可以直接從申訴后臺(tái)獲得投訴方的資質(zhì)信息并下載
3）如何查看投訴方專利的申請(qǐng)時(shí)間/優(yōu)先權(quán)日？
a. 在申訴頁面所下載的投訴方知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)材料證書中核實(shí)，具體查詢方式如上文所示；
b. 在國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局專利查詢網(wǎng)站查詢：http://cpquery.cnipa.gov.cn/(中國(guó)及多國(guó)專利審查信息查詢系統(tǒng)）
優(yōu)先權(quán)日：屬于專利法中的特殊制度，若專利存在優(yōu)先權(quán)的，判斷在先證明材料的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)從優(yōu)先權(quán)日開始計(jì)算，專利證書及專利查詢網(wǎng)站上均可查詢到優(yōu)先權(quán)日。
1) You can search for the complainant's patent in the following ways:
Chinese patents: http://cpquery.cnipa.gov.cn/
(Chinese/multinational patent inquiry system)
U.S. patents: http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
(U.S. patent and trademark authority)
European patents: https://euipo.europa.eu/eSearch/(Designs)
https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents.html (Patents)
2) In some cases, you can assess and download the complainant's IPR rights on the Appeal page
3) How to check the application date/priority date of the complainant's patent?
a. Download the complaint's intellectual property materials on the Appeal page and check the application date of the patent as shown above.
b. Search on the website of China National Intellectual Property Administration: http://cpquery.cnipa.gov.cn/ (Chinese/multinational patent inquiry system)
Priority date: Priority date is a special concept under the patent law. Under Article 29 of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China,
Where an applicant, within twelve months from the date of first-filed patent application for an invention or utility model in a foreign country or within six months from the date of the first-filed patent application for a design in a foreign country, also files a patent application for the same subject in China, he/it may enjoy priority in accordance with the agreement entered into between the foreign country and China or the international treaty participated by both the foreign country and China or under the principle of mutual recognition of priority. Where an applicant, within twelve months from the date of the first submission in China of an application for a patent for invention or utility model, or within six months from the date of the first submission in China of an application for a patent for design, also files an application for a patent for the same subject with the patent administrative department under the State Council, he/it may enjoy priority.
If a patent has a priority date, the materials should prove that the prior use occurred prior to the priority date. If you cannot identify the priority date on the patent license, you can check it on the patent inquiry website.
